Since January of this year, many aquatic feed companies in southern China have lowered their prices due to a significant decline in raw material prices. However, due to the sharp rise in spot soybean meal prices before and after the Spring Festival, the prices of related plant proteins have also increased accordingly. According to JCI information, as of February 20, 2025, the average spot price of soybean meal in China has increased by 26.96% compared to January 9; The average spot price of rapeseed meal has increased by 23.22% compared to January 9th; The average spot price of cottonseed meal has increased by 18.23% compared to January 9th; The average spot price of peanut meal has increased by 18.12% compared to January 9th; The average spot price of super steam fish meal has decreased by 0.76% compared to January 9th, while the average spot price of ordinary grade fish meal has increased by 0.71% compared to January 9th (see table below for details). Affected by this, many feed companies in China have taken the lead in raising the prices of livestock and poultry feed after the Spring Festival. Recently, some South China aquatic feed companies have announced an increase in their aquatic feed prices, with an increase of 150-200 yuan/ton (including puffed fish feed and submerged fish feed, etc.).
On the other hand, boosted by the Spring Festival holiday effect, shrimp prices in southern China have seen a slight increase at one point. However, in recent times, with the fading of the festive atmosphere and a decrease in consumption, prices have also fallen. According to JCI information, the current price of 40 shrimp per kilogram in Zhuhai, Guangdong, China is around 15 yuan per kilogram, a decrease of about 2 yuan per kilogram from last week; The price of 40 shrimp per kilogram in Guangxi is around 14 yuan per kilogram, a decrease of 1 yuan per kilogram from last week; The price of 40 shrimp per kilogram in Fujian region is around 14 yuan per kilogram, a decrease of 2 yuan per kilogram compared to last week,
Overall, due to the surge in spot soybean meal prices and the year-on-year increase in related plant protein prices, after many feed companies raised their livestock and poultry feed prices, some feed companies in southern China have recently started to raise their aquatic feed prices. If the prices of soybean meal and other related protein raw materials remain high and firm, the prices of aquatic feed may further rise in the later stage. In addition, for the shrimp market in China, the boost in benefits from the Spring Festival holiday has passed, and shrimp consumption has been lackluster. However, the amount of shrimp stored in ponds is also not high. Many industry insiders have expectations for consumption before and after the Qingming Festival, which is worth paying attention to in the industry.

China's corn policy is supporting the market and accelerating the transfer of surplus grain from farmers to the middle and lower reaches. It is expected that the domestic corn market prices will rise at the bottom and fluctuate strongly in the short term. At the same time, the price increase of some deep processed products is difficult to quickly follow up, and the production efficiency and profitability of deep processing enterprises will narrow or suffer losses. The high operating rate of the deep processing industry will fluctuate weakly in the later part of this quarter. In the later stage, it is necessary to dynamically monitor changes in China's corn storage, auction, and import policies, the progress of the US China trade tariff war and subsequent negotiations, the impact of weather in South American production areas, and US biofuel policies on global corn and soybean prices.
The focus of corn prices in major domestic production areas has shifted upwards, and some grassroots farmers and traders have become more willing to sell their grain. As a result, the quantity of corn has begun to increase, leading to high production costs and insufficient motivation for processing enterprises to continue raising prices, resulting in a significant slowdown in price increases. With the rise of temperature, it is difficult to store high moisture grains, and farmers who store moist grains have increased their enthusiasm for selling. A small number of drying towers purchase and wait for prices to rise, while traders purchase based on sales. Processing enterprises have relatively sufficient inventory, and market purchasing and sales activity is average. Some enterprises with low arrival volumes have raised their corn purchase prices. The grassroots grain sources in the Huanghuai production area of North China are relatively scarce, and the enthusiasm of farmers to raise prices is heating up. The phenomenon of reluctance to sell has intensified, resulting in a tight circulation of grain sources, and the purchase prices of enterprises continue to rise. Part of the reserve warehouses have completed the rotation task, and there is strong demand for traders to purchase. Due to limited surplus grain, the actual purchase volume is limited, and the local grain source mainly supplies grain enterprises. In recent days, there has been a small amount of grain arrivals from Northeast China's grain sources, and local traders' willingness to ship has increased. The amount of goods arriving in front of deep processing doors has gradually increased, and the rise in corn prices has slowed down significantly. Some enterprises have also lowered their prices narrowly.
The first quarter of this year will be a trough period for China's grain imports, which is conducive to maintaining a strong trend in domestic corn prices. Meanwhile, based on the current shipping schedule of 2130-2160 yuan/ton for imported barley and 2330 yuan/ton for imported sorghum from southern ports in April and May, and the current pre-sale price of 2320 yuan/ton for corn in May, there is no significant price advantage. In other words, apart from procurement at the national level, we currently do not see the impact of the large influx of imported grains on the Chinese market.
In February, the inventory of aged corn in China will continue to decline, and the new season corn will continue to be in the peak season for listing. As the Spring Festival ends and farmers in the main corn producing areas in the north begin to prepare for spring plowing funds, their enthusiasm for selling corn will gradually increase. Coupled with the gradual rise in temperature and high moisture corn mold rate, farmers will be forced to ship as soon as possible. Therefore, theoretically speaking, the trading volume of corn on the market in February will still be significantly sufficient. However, due to the impact of the off-season, the demand for new purchases in aquaculture and feed production is limited, resulting in some negative pressure on corn prices on both supply and demand sides.
In short, China's corn policy has accelerated the transfer of surplus grain from farmers to the middle and lower reaches, and it is expected that the domestic corn market price will rise at the bottom in the short term. At the same time, the price increase of some deep processed products is difficult to quickly follow up, and the production efficiency and profitability of deep processing enterprises will narrow or suffer losses. In the later stage, it is necessary to dynamically monitor changes in China's corn storage, auction, and import policies, as well as the impact of weather in South American production areas and US biofuel policies on global corn and soybean prices.

What is cottonseed meal?
The flour cake obtained by pressing cottonseed is separated from most of the residual oil through leaching process, resulting in a slightly red or yellow granular substance. It is the main raw material for making feed and contains more than 40% crude protein.
Cotton meal production process
The production process of cottonseed meal mainly includes the following steps:
1. Fleece stripping: Cotton seeds are stripped of short fibers by a lint stripping machine to obtain polished cotton seeds. 2. Peeling: Further husking the cottonseed to separate the cottonseed shell and kernel. 3. Squeezing: Cottonseed kernels are pressed to extract cottonseed oil and obtain cottonseed cake (i.e. the initial form of cottonseed cake). 4. Steaming and frying: In order to eliminate free gossypol and maintain the protein content of cottonseed cake during the oil making process, the cottonseed cake is lightly steamed and fried. This step helps to form bound gossypol and reduce the loss of lysine. 5. Leaching: Extract the remaining cottonseed oil from the oil meal using organic solvents to obtain leached cottonseed meal. 6. Refining and desolvation: The leached cottonseed meal undergoes refining and desolvation treatment to remove residual organic solvents and other impurities, resulting in the final product cottonseed meal. 7. Fermented cottonseed meal (optional process): Anaerobic fermentation is carried out by adding bacterial strains to further improve the nutritional value and digestion absorption rate of cottonseed meal. 8. Packaging and Storage: Processed cottonseed meal is packaged and stored in a suitable environment.
The nutritional value of cottonseed meal
Cotton meal has a high crude protein content, generally above 40%, and is a high-quality protein feed material that can provide necessary amino acids and energy for animals. The crude fat content is relatively low, usually around 1%, and rich in unsaturated fatty acids and linolenic acid, which have a certain promoting effect on the growth, development, and immune function of animals. The high content of cellulose is helpful for the digestive health of animals and also has a promoting effect on intestinal health. The ash content is relatively high, usually around 10%. Ash is mainly composed of minerals, which can provide certain trace elements and minerals, and also help the healthy growth of animals
The feeding value of cottonseed meal
1 chicken
The feeding value of cottonseed meal for chickens mainly depends on the content of free gossypol and crude fiber. Cotton meal with high shell content, high crude fiber content, and low thermal energy should be avoided in broiler chickens.
2 pigs
High quality cottonseed meal is a good protein feed material for pigs, which can replace 50% of soybean meal in feed without side effects, but needs to be supplemented with lysine, calcium, phosphorus, and carotenoids. Cotton meal is a good source of tryptophan for pigs, but its methionine content is low, so it is generally not used for suckling pigs and piglets.
3 Ruminating animals
Adding appropriate cottonseed meal to cow feed can increase milk fat percentage. If the dosage exceeds 50% of concentrate, it will affect palatability and cause milk fat to harden. Cotton meal is a constipated feed material and should be used in conjunction with soft and laxative feed materials such as sesame meal. The recommended dosage is generally 20% -35% in concentrated feed. When feeding fine cattle, it is advisable to use less than 20% of the concentrate, and it should be paired with high-quality roughage that is high in carotene. Beef cattle can use cottonseed meal as the main protein feed, but high-quality roughage should be supplied, supplemented with carotenoids and calcium, which can achieve good weight gain effects. Generally, it can account for 30% -40% of the feed in concentrate. Cotton meal can also be used as a high-quality protein feed source for sheep, and it also needs to be combined with high-quality concentrate. Consuming more than 50% of the concentrate can cause palatability issues.

Corn DDGS feed is the trade name for protein feed in distiller's grains, which refers to dry distiller's grains containing soluble solids. Its nutritional components include high protein, high available phosphorus, rich vitamins, and low starch content. In pig production, promoting the application of DDGS can reduce the amount of soybean meal in feed and play an important role in reducing dependence on imported soybeans.
Detailed Introduction to Corn DDGS
DDGS feed is dry alcohol meal produced from corn as raw material. In the process of fermenting corn to produce ethanol, the starch is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide, while other nutrients such as protein, fat, fiber, etc. remain as solids in the distillation waste liquid. At the same time, due to the action of microorganisms, the protein, B vitamins, minerals, and amino acid content in alcohol meal have increased compared to corn, and contain unknown growth promoting factors generated during fermentation.
type
According to the grain raw materials, DDGS can be divided into corn DDGS, wheat DDGS, barley DDGS, sorghum DDGS, and rice DDGS, as well as compound DDGS produced by mixing corn with one or more other grains; The nutritional composition of DDGS produced from different raw materials, origins, and processing methods varies greatly. There are two types of corn alcohol meal protein feed on the market: one is DDG, which is a feed obtained by simply filtering corn alcohol residue, drying the filter residue, discharging the filter solution, and only drying the filter residue separately; Another type is DDGS, which is a feed obtained by drying and concentrating the filter solution, and then mixing it with the filter residue for drying. The energy and total amount of nutrients in the latter are significantly higher than those in the former.
Production application
Due to its protein content of over 26%, DDGS has become a widely used new type of protein feed material in domestic and foreign feed production enterprises. It is usually used to replace soybean meal and fish meal in animal and aquatic compound feed, with a maximum addition ratio of 30%, and can be directly fed to feed feed animals. DDGS is used in beef cattle feed, and its superiority lies in improving rumen fermentation function, providing rumen protein, converting fiber into energy, strong palatability and food safety, and being an excellent source of minerals such as phosphorus and potassium. Research has shown that fresh or dried DDGS can reduce rumen acidosis by replacing soluble carbohydrates and starch with fat and effective fiber, which helps maintain the balance of rumen microbiota and stabilize rumen pH. The uniqueness of DDGS in terms of rumen protein, excellent palatability, and safety of effective fiber. It is advisable to add less than 40% and 30% of the concentrate to the diet of cattle and sheep.

Rapeseed meal
Rapeseed meal has lower crude protein content than soybean meal, higher methionine content, lower lysine and arginine content, and poorer digestibility. It can be reasonably combined with cottonseed meal to improve amino acid composition.
The "Technical Plan for Reducing and Replacing Corn and Soybean Meal in Pig and Chicken Feed" suggests that ordinary rapeseed meal can replace 40% to 50% of soybean meal, and the replacement ratio of double low rapeseed meal can reach 60% to 80%.
Sesame meal
Sesame is a high nutritional value plant protein resource. The residue of oil extracted by pressing is then crushed to obtain sesame meal as a byproduct. It has high crude protein and fat content and is rich in various essential amino acids required by animal bodies.
The "Technical Plan for Reducing and Replacing Corn and Soybean Meal in Pig and Chicken Feed" suggests that the addition ratio in pig and chicken feed should be around 15%.
Note: In practical application, attention should be paid to the addition of exogenous lysine in sesame meal to balance amino acid nutrition and improve the effective utilization of animal feed. Wu Dong et al.'s research showed that replacing soybean meal with 4%~8% fermented sesame meal had no significant adverse effects on the average daily weight gain and feed to weight ratio of cherry valley meat ducks, and the slaughter rate and breast muscle rate were significantly improved.
Cotton meal
Cotton meal is a slightly red or yellow granular substance obtained from cottonseed through processes such as pressing and leaching, containing abundant nutrients.

  Protein feed is particularly important for fish farming. Because fish require a high protein content in their feed, ranging from 30% to 50%. So the insufficient protein content in the feed has a significant impact on the growth of fish. At present, the widely used protein feed in production includes plant-based cakes - by-products of oil extraction through machine pressing processes, and plant-based meals - by-products of oil processing through extraction processes. In general, the feeding value of meal is better than that of cake. In addition, animal protein feed (such as fish meal, meat and bone meal, fermented blood meal, etc.) is also widely used.
Bean cake (meal)
It belongs to plant-based protein feed, with a protein content of about 42%. It is a type of cake (meal) with good protein quality and high utilization rate, containing rich amino acids, especially high levels of lysine and arginine required by fish. When using, adding an appropriate amount of synthetic amino acids (mainly methionine) can achieve good results, and can reduce the amount of fish meal used to reduce feed costs.
Raw soybean cakes contain harmful substances such as anti trypsin and saponins, which can be destroyed by appropriate heating. But when heating, the temperature should be appropriate, usually below 140 ℃ to 150 ℃ for 2 minutes and 30 seconds. If the temperature is too high, it will also reduce the utilization rate of amino acids in soybean cakes. In oil and fat processing, there are two types of processes: primary leaching and secondary leaching. Generally, primary leaching is better than secondary leaching.
When purchasing soybean meal from the market, attention should be paid to the moisture content, impurity content, and the ripeness of soybean meal. Its ripeness can be preliminarily judged by color and odor. Moderately heated soybean meal has a tempting aroma and a yellow orange color. Accurate judgment should be detected through chemical analysis.
csm
It also belongs to plant-based protein feed. The protein content is influenced by the oil processing technology and shelling conditions. The protein content of cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal after shelling and oil extraction is similar to that of soybean meal, but their utilization rate is lower than that of soybean meal.
The gossypol in cottonseed cakes is toxic to animals, and although fish are less sensitive to gossypol than pigs and chickens, they are also more susceptible to toxicity. The use of cottonseed meal in feed can be detoxified through physical or chemical methods (the most effective method is ferrous sulfate method), limited feeding (controlled within 8% -10% of the feed), intermittent feeding (stopped for 2-3 days after 7 days), or combined use to reduce or eliminate the toxicity of gossypol.
Rapeseed cake
Rapeseed meal contains various toxic components, mainly derived from glucoside (which can be decomposed into toxic substances). There are currently detoxifying agents for rapeseed meal on the market.
Sesame cake, peanut cake
In addition to the above-mentioned meal, sesame cakes, peanut cakes, etc. can also be used as sources of plant-based protein in fish feed.

Formula feed refers to a feed that is evenly mixed with different sources of raw materials in a certain proportion according to the precise design of the formula based on the nutritional needs of different animal species, physiological stages, and production performance.

Semi-finished material

01

Premix:

There are various types of feed raw materials, and for the convenience of ingredient preparation, feed processing factories simply pre mix certain raw materials, which are called premixes. The premix is divided into:

0.5%~1% premix: contains various vitamins and trace elements required by different animals.

3% premix: Add salt and amino acids to the 1% premix.

5% premix: Add animal required phosphorus and protein feed to the 3% premix.

02

Concentrate:

On the basis of premix, protein raw materials required by animals are added in proportion, and users only need to add energy raw materials to become formula feed. Convenient for farmers in corn producing areas to use, reducing transportation and packaging costs.

Finished materials

01

Powder:

The production process of powdered feed made by grinding and mixing various raw materials is simple. As long as there is a grinder connected to the strander and storage tank, it can be produced. Small farmers generally use 500 and 1000 strander.

Generally, it can be used and twisted as needed, and traditional Chinese medicine or other medications can be added at will, making it very convenient. But the palatability of the powder is poor, and chickens tend to be picky, picky, picky, and toss, resulting in high waste and dust.

02

Granular material:

After thoroughly mixing the feed ingredients, they are moistened with steam and water, modulated, and machine extruded into strips and granules, which are then dried.

Granular materials have strong palatability, relatively uniform intake of various nutrients, small waste, and low dust, but are not easy to mix or add other drugs.

03

Expanded material:

The granular feed is made by fully mixing feed ingredients, moistening them with steam and moisture, modulating them, and extruding and expanding them through high temperature and high pressure machines.

The advantage of puffed feed is that after high temperature and high pressure puffing, long chains become short chains, starch becomes dextrin, and the digestion and absorption rates are greatly improved.

Identification methods for the sensory properties of cotton meal

Observe the color, shape, etc. of cotton meal. The sensory characteristics are small flakes or cakes, with a fresh and consistent yellow brown color. There are few black fragmented cottonseed shells and lint, and there is no mold or clumping phenomenon. Grab a handful of cottonseed meal in your hand, carefully observe for any impurities, and estimate the proportion of cottonseed husks and the content of cotton lint. If the content of cottonseed husk and lint is high, the quality of cottonseed meal is poor. Low crude protein and high crude fiber.

The moisture content shall not exceed 12%. Grab a handful of cottonseed meal vigorously and release it. If the cottonseed meal is held in clumps, the moisture content is higher; if it is loose, the moisture content is lower. Pour the cottonseed meal and observe the amount of residue on the hands. If there is more residue, the moisture content is higher, and vice versa. Feel the humidity of cotton meal with your hand. Generally, the temperature is high and the moisture content is high. If you feel hot, a large amount of stacking may ignite spontaneously.

Smell the smell of cotton meal to see if there are any odors, odors, etc.

Quality Evaluation of Cotton Meal

Cotton meal should be fresh and consistent, free from fermentation, spoilage, and odors, and should not have a burnt or overheated taste.

Cotton meal usually has better quality in golden color, but poorer quality in blackening.

The amount of cotton husk and fiber in cotton meal directly affects its quality, and the more the proportion, the worse the quality. The quality can be roughly judged based on the proportion.

Cotton meal may be infected with aflatoxin, and if necessary, aflatoxin testing can be performed.

The content of gossypol is an important indicator for judging quality.

Reasons for cotton meal turning red

Under the same quality, yellow cottonseed meal is priced at 40 to 50 yuan per ton higher than slightly red cottonseed meal. Why does the color of cotton meal produced from the same cottonseed turn red and yellow mainly due to the denaturation of gossypol in the cottonseed. Gossypol is a yellow crystalline substance that can produce denatured gossypol when stored for too long, with high moisture, high temperature, and prolonged steaming. The color of denatured gossypol is brownish red or brownish black, and the color of cotton meal containing denatured gossypol is red. The denaturation of gossypol reduces the toxicity of cottonseed meal, but the deepening of color affects its appearance quality.

Cottonseed cake and meal are by-products of cottonseed oil extraction. The cake after pressing and extracting oil is called cake, and the meal after pre pressing or direct extraction is called meal. The by-products of extracting oil from cottonseed after dehulling are called cottonseed cake and meal.

The nutritional value of cottonseed cake and meal varies greatly, making a huge difference. The main factors affecting the nutritional value of cottonseed cake and meal are the degree of dehulling of cottonseed and the method of oil production. The crude protein content of cottonseed cake and meal made from completely shelled cottonseed can reach as high as 40%, or even as high as 44%, which is comparable to that of soybean cake; However, the crude fiber content of cottonseed cake produced by directly pressing non shelled cottonseed oil is only 16% -20%, and the crude protein content is only 20% -30%. However, different oil extraction methods have certain differences in crude protein content due to the different fat content in cakes and dregs. Generally, cakes have high fat content, high effective energy value, and low crude protein content; The low fat content and effective energy value in the meal result in a high crude protein content; However, the soil pressed cakes produced by small-scale presses or hydraulic methods in rural areas have a high shell content, even without steaming or insufficient steaming, resulting in low oil removal rate, high fat content, high crude fiber content, and low crude protein content.

 

The national standard is that the content of erucic acid in oil is less than 5%, and the content of glucosinolates in cake is less than 30 μ mol/g. Those that meet these two standards can be referred to as high-quality rapeseed.

Double low rapeseed meal not only retains the high protein characteristics of rapeseed meal, but also greatly reduces the content of toxic components. Due to its advantages such as thin shell and low crude fiber content, it has become a rare source of protein feed in various animal feed in recent years, and is commonly used in aquaculture and ruminant feed!

Rapeseed cake and meal are by-products obtained by extracting oil from rapeseed, which are light grayish brown in color. The cake after pressing and extracting oil is called cake, and the meal after soaking or pre pressing and extracting oil is called meal. The crude protein content of rapeseed cake and meal ranges from 34% to 38%. The characteristic of amino acid composition is high methionine content (second only to sesame cake and meal), high lysine content, especially high digestibility of digestible sulfur-containing amino acids, and low arginine content. The effective energy value of rapeseed cake and meal is relatively low (with low starch content and difficulty in digesting and utilizing rapeseed shells). The content of calcium and phosphorus in minerals is high, and the content of selenium and manganese is also high, especially the selenium content is the highest among commonly used plant feed. However, rapeseed also contains anti nutritional components such as glucosinolates, erucic acid, tannins, and phytic acid, among which glucosinolates are the main ones.

Sprayed corn husk is made by spraying a soaking solution of corn onto the corn husk, so it is called sprayed corn husk. It contains a portion of hydrolyzed monosaccharides and has a higher utilization rate than corn husk. It is a by-product of producing starch and germ after humidification of corn, and then spraying the high protein and energy corn slurry on it greatly increases the protein, energy, and amino acid content. This product has a yellow appearance.

With the continuous expansion of the industrial use of corn, there is a trend of decreasing and continuously increasing prices of corn used for feed. In order to not increase the cost of raising cows, provide a certain profit margin for cattle breeders, and reduce the contradiction between industrial corn and livestock feed, some corn by-products that can be used as feed are introduced in terms of nutrition.

1、 Industrial by-product feed that can be processed and produced from corn

Corn contains starch, fiber, protein, and fat (germ oil), making it a raw material for processing various industrial products.

Industrial products produced from corn

1. After soaking the alcohol corn seeds, the corn extract is precipitated, and the rest can be fermented into alcohol. Alcohol is an important chemical raw material and fuel. The by-products of alcohol production include:

1) DDG, also known as dry distiller's grains. It is a byproduct of corn fermented into alcohol, which is then distilled and precipitated into alcohol. The original sample generally contains 27.8% protein, the dry sample contains 29.7% protein, and the fat content ranges from 8% to 12%. It contains NEm1.85 Mcal/kg, NEg 1.25 Mcal/kg, and NEL2.19 Mcal/kg (or 2.9 NND/kg). The content of phosphorus and potassium is high, while the content of calcium is low. It is a high-quality protein supplement for feeding cows, with a higher rumen pass rate of protein than soybean meal, reaching 50% to 60%. The first daily feeding amount can reach 2.7-5.4kg. It has the effect of increasing milk production and preventing gastric acidosis.

2) DDGS is a product obtained by concentrating and drying some soluble substances and corn extract produced during the fermentation process, and then adding them to dry distiller's grains. Except for slightly lower crude protein content than DDG, other characteristics and dosage are the same as DDG.

3) DDS, also known as dried corn extract. Due to its mixing with DDG to produce DDGS, there are fewer such products.

2. Corn starch

After soaking corn, the extracted solution is called corn residue. After removing the germ from corn residue, it is crushed and water selected to produce starch. The remaining by-products can be used as feed, including the following.

1) Corn husk (CGF), also known as corn husk residue, or corn fiber feed, corn husk, etc. It is a corn gluten feed made by soaking, crushing, and selecting the sieved portion of corn during the production of starch, and dehydrating it. The yield is approximately 5%. Its composition is: water content 10.07%, crude protein 20.0% (20-22%), crude fat 5.7%, crude ash 1.0%, crude fiber 16.20% (6-16%), nitrogen free extract 57.45% (including starch over 40%), NEm2.05Mcal/kg, NEg1.41Mcal/kg, NE L 1.87Mcal/kg (or 2.5NND/kg). Among the proteins contained, the rumen passing protein is 30%. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) 69%, acidic detergent fiber (ADF) 30%, calcium 0.10%, and phosphorus 0.30%.

Feed rate: 4.5-13.6kg/head per day. It can replace 50% to 80% of bran. There must be a transitional period of 2-3 days during feeding.

Corn starch can be used as raw material to produce glutamic acid, vitamin C, monosodium glutamate, acetic acid, acetone or rubber, L-lactic acid, etc.

2) Corn starch water and its drying product corn starch protein. Yellow starch is the clear liquid after precipitation of corn starch, which is made of corn starch protein after dehydration. Its production is approximately 4.5%. Yellow syrup water can be processed to produce glucose, fructose, maltose, oligosaccharide, whole sugar powder, maltodextrin, crystal fructose, etc. It can also be used to extract corn yellow pigment (isoprene), corn gliadin, and various amino acids (methionine accounts for about 40%, leucine 7-13%).

After dehydration and drying, the protein in the pulp contains more than 60% of crude protein, and its nutritional value can be comparable to that of fish meal and soybean meal. Its characteristics: ① good color and palatability; ② High digestion rate (such as amino acid digestion rate reaching 95%); ③ High energy content (1.7-2.5 Mcal/kg) ④ has a milk increasing effect.

3) Corn gluten powder, which is the washing solution used for starch washing or corn syrup used for fructose production. The yield is 0.5%, containing over 60% crude protein, and it is a protein feed with high effective energy value. The amino acid utilization rate of its single product is almost equal to that of soybean meal.

3. Corn germ and germ cake (meal)

This is the product obtained after removing the embryo from corn. Its yield ranges from 6.2% to 6.5%, making it a raw material for extracting corn oil. The embryo contains 46% to 48% oil, and about 2.5-3.0kg of oil can be extracted for every 100kg of corn. Corn germ has a high energy content before being squeezed, and can be used as an energy and protein supplement for cows during peak lactation, with a daily dosage controlled at 2 Within 5kg. Corn germ cake (meal) is obtained by extracting oil from corn germ. Its yield is 100kg of corn, with 3kg of oil obtained and approximately 3.2kg of corn germ cake (meal) obtained. Germ meal contains 22.6% crude protein (ranging from 18% to 23%), 1.9% fat, 24% starch, 9.5% crude fiber, 3.8% ash, 10% moisture, 2.1 Mcal/kg net lactation energy, 0.06% calcium, and 0.56% phosphorus. It is a protein feed for feeding cows. The dosage can account for 10% of the dry matter in the diet.

2、 Feed for by-products obtained from corn flour (dry) - corn bran

Corn is dried and ground in a flour processing plant. After sieving out the flour, the remaining portion on the sieve is generally called corn bran, which can be used as feed for cows. It is composed of starch from corn bran, embryo, and kernel. Its crude protein content is 9.1%, fat content is 6% (dry), milk net energy is 1.95 Mcal/kg, calcium content is 0.04%, phosphorus content is 0.18%, and crude cellulose content is 10.9%. Contains NDF 69%, ADF 30%, and rumen passing protein 30%. It belongs to a transitional type of feed between energy feed and protein feed. The daily feeding amount can reach 4.5-13.6kg, replacing 50% to 80% of bran.

3、 Several types of protein feed processed from corn industrial by-products.

1. Corn composite protein feed (non fermented product), also known as corn bran feed. It is prepared from corn husk (accounting for 40% to 60%), corn protein powder (15% to 25%), and corn impregnation solution (dry) (25% to 40%). The indicated protein content is 10% to 20%, and the digestion rate is 85%. It is a product that lies between energy feed and protein feed.

2. Corn protein feed

This is a composite protein feed produced by mixing the by-products of corn starch - corn protein powder, corn yellow syrup, corn fiber, crushed corn, etc. - through high-temperature pressing, defatting, and then inoculating multiple acid resistant bacteria for liquid/solid fermentation. The obtained product is then subjected to low-temperature hydrolysis, expansion, and drying before production.

Product specifications:

1) Moisture<11%

2) Crude protein 20%~35%

3) Crude fat<4%

4) Coarse ash content ＜ 5%

5) Crude cellulose 10%

6) Various amino acid contents: glutamic acid 6.331%, arginine 2.456%, methionine 1.211%, tryptophan 0.543%, phenylalanine 2.12%, and lysine 1.091%.

7) Product color: Yellow granular, with a slight fermentation odor.

8) Characteristics: Rich in nutrients, possessing the nutritional characteristics of various miscellaneous grains, and rich in various amino acids.

3. Corn spray protein

Also known as corn bran. It is a by-product produced by humidifying corn to produce starch and germ, with the main component being corn husk. Spray corn yellow syrup with high protein and energy content to greatly increase its energy, protein, and amino acids content. After drying, it becomes corn spray protein. Its characteristics: ① the color is yellow; ② Good palatability, animals like to eat; ③ The digestion rate is above 90%, with an energy content of 1.7-2.5 Mcal/kg.

 

Exhibition Information:

Exhibition time: May 28-30, 2023

Exhibition address: Yinchuan International Convention and Exhibition Center

Exhibition Hall Location: Hall D T78-1

 

Since its holding, the Ningxia Dairy Industry Conference has attracted more than 1100 domestic and foreign enterprises to participate, held 75 technology and product forums, and visited a total of over 60000 people. It has brought customized value-added services such as keynote speeches, promotion, and resource docking to over a hundred enterprises, and has received widespread attention from the animal husbandry industry in northwest China. It has set a benchmark for industry professional conferences and exhibitions, and has won awards in Ningxia, Qinghai, Gansu, Shaanxi, and other regions Strong support from leaders of breeding enterprises and relevant departments in Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang, and unanimous praise from participating customers! The Ningxia Dairy Industry Conference has become an annual industry event for the dairy industry in the northwest region.

In order to further promote the expansion, improvement, and efficiency of the milk industry, focus on enhancing the competitiveness of the entire industry chain, and provide new technologies, concepts, and solutions for the high-quality development of the milk industry. The "2023 Ningxia Dairy Industry Conference · 5th China (Yinchuan) International Dairy Industry Exhibition and Forum", jointly organized by Ningxia Dairy Industry Association, Ningxia Grassland Industry Association, Ningxia Agricultural Machinery Production and Distribution Association, Gansu Dairy Industry Association, Qinghai Dairy Industry Association, Shaanxi Dairy Industry Association, Inner Mongolia Dairy Industry Association, and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Dairy Industry Association, is scheduled to be held at the Yinchuan International Convention and Exhibition Center in May 2023.

The conference will focus on the new products, new technologies, new equipment, and new processes in the industrialization of dairy farming, health and epidemic prevention, animal nutrition, smart farms, equipment machinery, carbon neutrality, dairy products, and processing technology as the main content of the exhibition, create a full industrial chain coverage integrating "exhibition, commerce, learning, and exchange", and lead the industry's professional comprehensive service platform! Create a high standard international dairy industry ecosystem in the western region.

Here, Wanrui Trading sincerely invites new and old customers to participate in the "2023 Ningxia Dairy Conference -5th China (Yinchuan) International Dairy Exhibition and Forum" and visit the T78-1 booth of Wanrui D Hall.

The Yinchuan International Convention and Exhibition Center is located on the west side of the People's Square in the core urban area of Yinchuan City. The total planned area is 238.4 acres, including the exhibition center, commercial center, and star rated hotel. The total planned construction area is approximately 220000 square meters. At present, the first phase of the project covers an area of 131 acres, with a total investment of 430 million yuan and a total construction area of 80000 square meters. Including exhibition hall, negotiation, office and auxiliary rooms, the exhibition hall is divided into five venues: A, B, C, D, and E, and can accommodate 1700 international standard exhibition booths. The outdoor exhibition area is 50000 square meters, including 1200 parking spaces. To enhance the overall level of hardware facilities and market competitiveness of the exhibition center, and make the scale of the exhibition center reach the level of medium-sized exhibition halls in China.

1. What are the benefits and effects of wheat bran feeding cattle

Balanced nutrition

Wheat bran has lower nutritional value than corn and soybean meal, and contains more crude fiber that is difficult to digest. It is not the most ideal source of refined feed. However, wheat bran is rich in vitamin B and other vitamins, as well as high phosphorus content. Proper addition of wheat bran to concentrated feed will make the nutrition more comprehensive and balanced.

promote digestion

Because wheat bran is rich in crude fiber and has a certain laxative effect, it helps improve digestive function. Appropriate addition of wheat bran to postpartum cows can accelerate the recovery of digestive function and appetite. The crude fiber in wheat bran can also inhibit the proliferation of intestinal bacteria, which has a certain effect on preventing bacterial dysentery.

2. Method of feeding cattle with wheat bran

calf

When calves start feeding, their digestive function is still relatively weak, so they cannot be fed too much wheat bran, which accounts for about 10% of the concentrate feed. As the growth and intake of calves increase, their digestive ability is further strengthened. In order to prevent constipation in calves, the proportion of wheat bran in the concentrate feed can be increased to 13% - 14%.

Breeding cattle

During the early stage of calves' development, from weaning to skeletal maturity, due to the large amount of calcium and phosphorus required for their rapid bone growth, the proportion of wheat bran in concentrated feed can be maintained at 13% to 14%, but attention should be paid to calcium supplementation to avoid calcium and phosphorus metabolism imbalances.

Breeding cattle

① Breeding cattle are more prone to constipation, so it is advisable to feed more wheat bran to promote digestion and relieve diarrhea. The proportion of wheat bran in concentrated feed during empty pregnancy and early pregnancy is about 15%.

② In the middle and late stages of pregnancy, as the fetus grows and oppresses, cows are more prone to constipation. The proportion of wheat bran in refined feed can be gradually increased to 18% - 20%.

③ Although the demand for calcium and phosphorus increases with the increase in lactation of cows after childbirth, the amount of concentrate feed is also increasing, so the proportion of wheat bran in concentrate feed can be reduced to 14% - 15%.

Xingtai Wanrui Trading Co., Ltd. operates and sells: beet meal particles, beet meal particles, direct supply from beet meal manufacturers, beet meal prices, dual low rapeseed meal feed, cotton meal wholesale manufacturers, cottonseed shell wholesale, Xinjiang wool cottonseed cottonseed meal, DDGS protein feed, DDGS feed wholesale manufacturers, corn DDGS feed, steam flaked corn, steam flaked corn prices, flaked corn manufacturers, tea residue feed, turmeric residue powder feed Ginger powder for cattle and sheep, chrysanthemum powder for feed, chicken fermented feed bacterial residue, high-quality fermented feed bacterial residue, pepper meal wholesale manufacturers, pepper oil residue manufacturers wholesale prices, feed grade malt root, malt root manufacturers, beer lees protein feed.

Corn germ meal is one of the important by-products of corn deep processing, with comprehensive nutritional components and low prices, and is a valuable feed resource.

Corn germ meal contains 18% to 20% crude protein, 1% to 2% crude fat, and 11% to 12% crude fiber. Its amino acid composition is similar to that of corn protein feed (or corn gluten feed). From the perspective of protein quality, although the protein quality of corn germ meal is higher than that of grain based energy feed, the content of various limiting amino acids is lower than that of corn protein meal, cotton and rapeseed meal.

Corn germ meal has good palatability, especially its low price, and has good application value in livestock and poultry diets.

Corn germ meal is a fibrous medium energy feed that can be used as a supplement for protein and energy in the diet of growing and finishing pigs. At the same time, it has been widely used in poultry production such as laying hens, broilers, geese, etc. The research mainly focuses on the application effect of corn germ meal, and there are few reports on basic research such as amino acid digestion and energy utilization. Whole-fat corn germ is often used as a dietary fat supplement for beef or dairy cattle in foreign countries. The effects of whole-fat corn germ on growth performance, milk production performance, carcass and milk quality were studied.

The crude protein content and crude fiber content of dry corn germ meal are lower than those of wet corn germ meal, and their effective energy values are similar. The content of minerals and trace elements varies depending on the processing process.

Xingtai Wanrui Trading Co., Ltd. operates and sells: beet meal particles, beet meal particles, direct supply from beet meal manufacturers, beet meal prices, dual low rapeseed meal feed, cotton meal wholesale manufacturers, cottonseed shell wholesale, Xinjiang wool cottonseed cottonseed meal, DDGS protein feed, DDGS feed wholesale manufacturers, corn DDGS feed, steam flaked corn, steam flaked corn prices, flaked corn manufacturers, tea residue feed, turmeric residue powder feed Ginger powder for cattle and sheep, chrysanthemum powder for feed, chicken fermented feed bacterial residue, high-quality fermented feed bacterial residue, pepper meal wholesale manufacturers, pepper oil residue manufacturers wholesale prices, feed grade malt root, malt root manufacturers, beer lees protein feed.

 

Yuan Chao et al. (2014) studied the effects of cottonseed meal on egg production performance, egg quality and free gossypol residue in egg products of laying hens. The results showed that the egg production rate and average egg weight of the group adding 8% expanded cottonseed cypress were significantly higher than those of the group adding 6% cottonseed meal (P<0.05), and the yolk color of the latter was significantly lighter (P<0.05). In addition, adding 6% cottonseed meal significantly increased the concentration of free gossypol in egg yolk and egg white. Batonon -- Alavo et al. Qiu Liangwei et al. Feng Jiangxin et al. (2015) showed that the apparent metabolic rate of crude protein, calcium and phosphorus, average daily gain and feed conversion rate of yellow-feathered broilers added with cottonseed meal were significantly increased.